TSTI Admin No Comments June 20, 2024

aerobraking

Uses aerodynamic forces (dragThe forceAn object's increasing speed toward Earth's center, caused by the force of gravity (the force of attraction between two objects). More caused by airThe amount of air within a certain volume. Atmospheric density is higher at sea-level and decreases as you go up in altitude. More molecules hitting the leading surface of a spacecraft in low-Earth orbitThe oval-shaped path that a spacecraft follows. Orbits come in various shapes and sizes, but each one has a purpose: to let the spacecraft do its job. Higher orbits require more propellant to get a spacecraft there. More. Because the airThe amount of air within a certain volume. Atmospheric density is higher at sea-level and decreases as you go up in altitude. More density is low, the drag is also low, but it is continuous, causing orbitsThe study of the moving objects under the influence of gravity from another body. Astrodynamicists design orbits and study how gravity affects them. More to decay. More and liftAccounting for the lifting forceAn object's increasing speed toward Earth's center, caused by the force of gravity (the force of attraction between two objects). More experienced by our re-entryThe reference frame used to analyze a space vehicle’s motion after leaving orbit until it lands. Its origin is at the vehicle’s center of mass at the beginning of re-entry. More vehicle allows us to stretch the […]

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

albedo

SolarWe use the angle of incidenceWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More, θ, to determine how much solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More energyWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More hits a solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More panelWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More. This angleWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More energyWe use the angle of incidenceWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More, θ, to determine how much solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More energyWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More hits a solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More panelWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More. This angleWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More lies between a line […]

TSTI Admin No Comments April 6, 2026

analogy-based estimating

Use the cost of a similar item and adjust it for differences in size or complexity.

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

angle of incidence

We use the angle of incidenceWe use the angle of incidenceWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More, θ, to determine how much solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More energyWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More hits a solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More panelWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More. This angleWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the SunWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More line. More, θ, to determine how much solarWe use the angle of incidenceWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More, θ, to determine how much solarWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More energy […]

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

angular velocity

A rotating object’s spin rate. We use the right-hand rule to determine its direction.

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

aperture

The apertureThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antennaThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More used. The apertureThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More gathers light either by refractionThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More, using a lensThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More is the diameter of the lensThe aperture is the diameter of the lensThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More or antennaThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More used. The apertureThe aperture is the diameter of the lens or antenna used. The aperture gathers light either by refraction, using a lens, or by reflection, using a mirror or a combination of lenses and mirrors. More gathers […]

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

apparent solar day

The time between successive passages of the Sun overhead, which is from noon one dayThe time between successive passages of the Sun overhead, which is from noon one dayThe time between successive passages of the Sun overhead, which is from noon one day to noon the next day. Because Earth’s orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical, this time varies slightly during a year. More to noon the next dayThe time between successive passages of the Sun overhead, which is from noon one day to noon the next day. Because Earth’s orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical, this time varies slightly during a year. More. Because Earth’s orbitThe oval-shaped path that a spacecraft follows. Orbits come in various shapes and sizes, but each one has a purpose: to let the spacecraft do its job. Higher orbits require more propellant to get a spacecraft there. More around the SunWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More is slightly elliptical, this time varies slightly during a year. More to noon the next […]

TSTI Admin No Comments March 30, 2026

arcjet rocket

A type of rocketA fluid-dynamics concept that says as low-velocity gases pass into the converging part of a nozzle, they accelerateA fluid-dynamics concept that says as low-velocity gases pass into the converging part of a nozzle, they accelerate to the speed of sound at the narrowest section (throat). Then, after they pass through the throat, they expand and accelerate to supersonic speeds. This principle is the basis for creating thrust in a thermodynamic rocket. More to the speedHow fast an object's speed is changing when we apply a force to it. During acceleration, speed increases. During deceleration, speed decreases. More of sound at the narrowest section (throat). Then, after they pass through the throat, they expand and accelerate to supersonic speeds. This principle is the basis for creating thrustA type of rocket system that heats a propellant by passing it through a sustained electric arc, then ejects the energized gas through a nozzle. Its specific impulse is high compared to chemical rockets, but its thrust is very low. More in a […]

TSTI Admin No Comments June 20, 2024

argument of perigee

For the fifth orbital element, we measure the angle along the orbital path between the ascending nodeFor the fifth orbital elementFor the fifth orbital element, we measure the angle along the orbital path between the ascending node and perigee and call it the argument of perigee. We always measure this angle in the direction of spacecraft motion. More, we measure the angleWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More along the orbital pathThe elliptical-shaped path a satellite takes in going from one circular orbit to another as part of a Hohmann Transfer. More between the ascending nodeFor the fifth orbital element, we measure the angle along the orbital path between the ascending node and perigee and call it the argument of perigee. We always measure this angle in the direction of spacecraft motion. More and perigee and call it the argument of perigeeFor the fifth orbital element, we measure the angle along the orbital path between the ascending node and perigee and call it the argument of perigee. We always measure this angle in the direction of spacecraft motion. More. We always measure this angleWe use the angle of incidence, θ, to determine how much solar energy hits a solar panel. This angle lies between a line perpendicular to the cell and the Sun line. More in the direction of spacecraft motion. More and […]

TSTI Admin No Comments October 7, 2024

Aristotle

A GreekA Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.) who developed a complex, mechanicalA method to maintain a spacecraft's internal temperature using a closed-loop control system to measure current temperature and adjust inputs, outputs and internal heat flow. It requires a working fluid, heaters, pumps, or other mechanical devices. More model of the universe. He also developed comprehensive rules to explain changes, such as the motionA rotating object’s spin rate. We use the right-hand rule to determine its direction. More of objects. Aristotle made some mistakes, however. More philosopherA Greek philosopherA Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.) who developed a complex, mechanical model of the universe. He also developed comprehensive rules to explain changes, such as the motion of objects. Aristotle made some mistakes, however. More (384-322 B.C.) who developed a complex, mechanicalA method to maintain a spacecraft's internal temperature using a closed-loop control system to measure current temperature and adjust inputs, outputs and internal heat flow. It requires a working fluid, heaters, pumps, or other mechanical devices. More model of the universeA Greek philosopher (384-322 B.C.) who developed a complex, mechanical model of the universe. He also developed comprehensive rules to explain changes, such as the motion of objects. Aristotle made some mistakes, however. More. He also developed comprehensive rules to […]